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I. PROGRAM RESOURCES
1. Adolescent Girls affected by Violent Conflict
2. Bringing New Opportunities to Adolescent Girls in Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program in Rural Upper Egypt
3. 'But where are our moral heroes?' An analysis of South African press reporting on children affected by HIV/AIDS
4. Child Marriage in the Context of the HIV Epidemic
5. Civil Society Involvement in Rapid Assessment, Analysis and Action Planning (RAAAP) for Orphans and Vulnerable Children
6. Continuity and Change in Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vietnam
7. Deadly Inertia: A Cross-Country Study of Educational Responses to HIV/AIDS
8. Educate Girls, Fight AIDS
9. Gender Achievements and Prospects in Education
10. Heart Campaign Materials
11. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children and Young People: Reviewing Research Conducted and Distilling Implications for the Education Sector in Asia
12. Initiative to Save Young Generation's Health Today (INSYGHT) Program
13. Kishori Abhijan: A Pilot Project to Empower Adolescent Girls
14. Media Relate: Teaching Resources about the Media, Sex and Relationship for KS3
15. Reaching Kenyan Youth with HIV Messages in School
16. SIECUS: PEPFAR Country Profiles Focusing in on Prevention and Youth
17. State of World's Children 2006
18. Television Drama and Audience Identification: Experiences from Tsha Tsha
19. U.S. Global AIDS Policy and Sexually Active Youth: A High-Risk Strategy
20. Youth-Friendly PAC: Meeting the Needs of Young PAC Clients
21. Youth Research Working Paper No. 1. Iringa Youth Behavior Survey — Findings and Report
22. Youth Research Working Paper No. 2. Impact of Sex and HIV Education Programs on Sexual Behaviors of Youth in Developing and Developed Countries
23. Youth Research Working Paper No. 3. Formative Research on Youth Peer Education Program Productivity and Sustainability
II. RESEARCH SUMMARIES
1. AIDS education for Tanzanian youth: a mediation analysis
2. A framework for studying minority youths' transitions to fatherhood: the case of Puerto Rican adolescents
3. Psychosocial correlates of HIV protection motivation among black adolescents in Venda, South Africa
4. Social-cognitive predictors of consistent condom use among young people in Moscow
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I. PROGRAM RESOURCES
1. Adolescent Girls affected by Violent Conflict (2005) (PDF, 139 KB)
This fact sheet encourages governments to include young women in peacebuilding processes after violent conflict to draw attention to their particular risks, including sexual assault, forced marriage, and an increased risk of HIV transmission.
Contact: surendrini@peacebuild.ca
2. Bringing New Opportunities to Adolescent Girls in Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program in Rural Upper Egypt (2005) (PDF, 568 KB)
This four-page brief describes the Ishraq project, which works with out-of-school girls in rural Egypt by improving literacy, life skills, social networks, and self-esteem. An additional project component challenges communities to change traditional beliefs about the role of girls in society.
Contact: publications@popcouncil.org
3. 'But where are our moral heroes?' An analysis of South African press reporting on children affected by HIV/AIDS (2005) (PDF, 535 KB)
This paper analyzes the media's reporting on children and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. According to the authors, many articles contain embedded "moral messages" about children and HIV/AIDS; these messages can affect the public's knowledge and attitudes regarding children and HIV/AIDS, as well the lives of these children.
Contact: ci@rmh.uct.ac.za
4. Child Marriage in the Context of the HIV Epidemic (2005) (PDF, 65 KB)
This brief from the Transitions to Adulthood program summarizes their work in child marriage and its relation to HIV infection among young women. The authors conclude that marriage at a young age does not offer protection for girls and actually puts them at greater risk for HIV.
Contact: publications@popcouncil.org
5. Civil Society Involvement in Rapid Assessment, Analysis and Action Planning (RAAAP) for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (2005) (PDF, 2.9 MB)
This report examines the rapid assessment, analysis, and action planning process for orphans and vulnerable children in 16 African countries; it focuses on recommendations for increasing the active participation of civil society organizations in future planning and implementation.
Contact: info@aidsconsortium.org.uk
6. Continuity and Change in Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vietnam (2005) (PDF, 372 KB)
This study examines historical trends in premarital sexual behavior in North and South Vietnam. Levels of premarital sex are described, as well as the type of premarital partner (future spouse or non-spouse); these both affect the local HIV epidemic.
Contact: psc-pubs@umich.edu
7. Deadly Inertia: A Cross-Country Study of Educational Responses to HIV/AIDS (2005) (PDF, 484 KB)
This report evaluates 18 countries on their utilization of education systems to disseminate information and skills used to prevent the spread of HIV. Key findings include: a lack of strategic planning on a ministerial level, a lack of planning for teacher shortages due to increasing rates of infections, increasing partnerships with NGOs, and progress made in the creation of HIV curricula. Recommendations on improving the integration of HIV information into the existing education systems are provided.
Other Languages: French (PDF, 483 KB) and Spanish (PDF, 495 KB)
Contact: alex@campaignforeducation.org
8. Educate Girls, Fight AIDS (2005) (PDF, 662 KB)
This brief discusses the relationship between the education of girls and prevention of HIV by describing the status of the situation, presenting innovative programs that achieve results, and discussing remaining obstacles.
Contact: womenandaids@unaids.org
9. Gender Achievements and Prospects in Education (2005) (PDF, 1.9 MB)
The four sections of this report — overview of gender parity and education, stories from the field, assessments from experts, and report cards using the latest statistics — examine how quality education for children is crucial across all development fields, including sexual and reproductive health. Within the analysis, sexual abuse, early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and sex trafficking are all mentioned as events that can be mitigated through education.
Contact: pubdoc@unicef.org
10. Heart Campaign Materials (2005)
This is a collection of video and printed messages developed by Zambian youth about safer sexual practices including abstinence. Program evaluation revealed that viewers of these advertisements were more likely to report primary or secondary abstinence.
Contact: lynnl@hcp.org.zm
11. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children and Young People: Reviewing Research Conducted and Distilling Implications for the Education Sector in Asia (2005) (PDF, 562 KB)
The authors of this report synthesized several research studies to examine how the HIV/AIDS epidemic affects access to education, as well as demand, supply, and quality.
Contact: hivaidsclearinghouse@unescobkk.org
12. Initiative to Save Young Generation's Health Today (INSYGHT) Program (2005) (PDF, 119 KB)
This document presents the annual report of a project in Ethiopia, implemented by Save the Children, which works to improve adolescent reproductive health through peer education, media, community mobilization, advocacy, and youth-friendly services.
Contact: publications@savechildren.org
13. Kishori Abhijan: A Pilot Project to Empower Adolescent Girls (2005) (PDF, 605 KB)
This brief from the Population Council describes the implementation and evaluation of an empowerment project focused on raising the age of marriage, increasing economic opportunities, and keeping girls in school in Bangladesh. Results suggest that targeting younger, poorer adolescents may have the greatest impact on program goals.
Contact: publications@popcouncil.org
14. Media Relate: Teaching Resources about the Media, Sex and Relationship for KS3 (2005) (PDF, 2.9 MB)
This teaching manual developed for European youth provides opportunities for youth to learn about sex and relationships through the media instead of conventional avenues. It includes lesson plans and activities involving media outlets as a forum for discussion about personal decision-making and the influence media has on behaviors.
Contact: d.buckingham@ioe.ac.uk
15. Reaching Kenyan Youth with HIV Messages in School (2005) (PDF, 2.9 MB)
This issue of Snapshots from the Field discusses three programs in Kenya aimed at educating youth about HIV and associated life skills. The first program publishes a comic book about a girl facing temptation and dealing with the risky behaviors of her peers; its goal is to provide a behavioral model for young people. The second program profiled is Straight Talk, a newspaper produced by youth for other young people to provide information in a non-threatening environment. Finally, the Kenyan Girl Guides Association promotes life skills training and rewards active members with AIDS merit badges for their work in the community.
Contact: publications@fhi.org
16. SIECUS: PEPFAR Country Profiles Focusing in on Prevention and Youth (2005)
This publication from SIECUS includes profiles on each of the countries receiving HIV funding through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR): Botswana, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Guyana, Haiti, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, and Zambia. The document can be downloaded in whole or separately for each country. Each chapter includes a brief description of the country, the status of the HIV epidemic with respect to youth, the country's strategic HIV/AIDS plan and other policies and agreements affecting youth and their health, PEPFAR funding for that country and organizations receiving that money with a focus on those promoting abstinence or faithfulness, and contact information for various missions and agencies.
Contact: international@siecus.org
17. State of World's Children 2006 (2005) (PDF, 3.1 MB)
This annual report covers a wide range of topics affecting children, including discussions of early marriage, obstetric fistula, and HIV/AIDS. Summary tables of social indicators sorted by country are included.
Other Languages: Spanish and French
Contact: nyhqdoc.permit@unicef.org
18. Television Drama and Audience Identification: Experiences from Tsha Tsha (2005) (PDF, 479 KB)
This paper describes Tsha Tsha, a television drama targeting young people in rural South Africa that focuses on relevant social problems, including HIV/AIDS.
Contact: warren@cadre.org.za
19. U.S. Global AIDS Policy and Sexually Active Youth: A High-Risk Strategy (2005) (PDF, 227 KB)
This brief discusses guidelines of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) for youth and its possible implications on programming.
Contact: buyit@guttmacher.org
20. Youth-Friendly PAC: Meeting the Needs of Young PAC Clients (2005) (PDF, 316 KB)
This document presents an outline of technical guidance on post-abortion care services aimed at youth in developing countries. The technical guidance is divided into various categories including counseling, community partnership, family planning counseling, and treatment. Each section includes recommendations and requirements for improving services that are of special importance for youth. A second section focuses on current research and activities on post-abortion care for youth. Finally, programmatic updates are also provided.
Contact: info@pac-consortium.org
21. Youth Research Working Paper No. 1. Iringa Youth Behavior Survey — Findings and Report
This paper reports on a population-based, household survey of youth ages 13 to 24. It provides a comprehensive picture of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth regarding HIV and reproductive health issues. It includes 13 recommendations on protective strategies, gender norms, knowledge-behavior gap, and services. The narrative discussions of the findings include data in 36 tables and 27 figures.
Contact: youthnetpubs@fhi.org
22. Youth Research Working Paper No. 2. Impact of Sex and HIV Education Programs on Sexual Behaviors of Youth in Developing and Developed Countries
This 45-page paper discusses findings from a review of 83 evaluations of sex and HIV education programs. The analysis found substantial positive impact on sexual behaviors in more than two-thirds of the evaluations and identified 17 characteristics of the most effective curricula used in the programs evaluated.
Contact: youthnetpubs@fhi.org
23. Youth Research Working Paper No. 3. Formative Research on Youth Peer Education Program Productivity and Sustainability
This 64-page paper discusses the first phase of a two-part study, which identified core elements of programs through an examination of program dynamics, activities, costs, and outputs in two countries. Based on this data, the first phase developed frameworks and eight checklists to use in assessing youth peer education effectiveness and sustainability.
Contact: youthnetpubs@fhi.org
II. RESEARCH SUMMARIES
1. AIDS education for Tanzanian youth: a mediation analysis. Stigler MH, Kugler KC, Komro KA, et al. Health Educ Res 2005.
This paper presents the results of a mediation analysis of Ngao, an AIDS education program that was implemented with school children in Grades 6 and 7 in Tanzania in the mid-1990s and evaluated using a controlled, group-randomized trial. The study examined which variables mediated the effect Ngao had in regard to fostering positive attitudes towards people living with AIDS and decreasing intentions to be sexually active in the near future. The number of students totaled 814. Results indicate that increasing students' exposure to AIDS information and increasing knowledge about HIV transmission/prevention were significant mediators of the intervention's effect on alleviating the stigma associated with people living with AIDS. Moreover, encouraging more restrictive social norms about sexual intercourse decreased students' intentions to be sexually active in the near future. Implications for future AIDS education programs for school children in this part of Africa designed to achieve similar goals are discussed.
2. A framework for studying minority youths' transitions to fatherhood: the case of Puerto Rican adolescents. Erkut S, Szalacha LA, Coll CG. Adolescence 2005;40(160).
Authors proposed a theoretical framework for studying minority young men's involvement with their babies that combines the integrative model of minority youth development and a life course developmental perspective with Lamb's revised four-factor model of father involvement. This framework posits a relationship between demographic and family background variables (such as education, employment, income, and family of origin) and fatherhood outcomes moderated by personal characteristics (such as sex-role ideology, acculturation, risk taking, and alienation). The framework is mediated by definitions of fatherhood, life priorities normative for the culture under study, and sexual behavior. Results reveal that once there is an acknowledged infant, a father's involvement is influenced by child characteristics, perceived fathering competence, social support, and quality of the relationship with the mother.
3. Psychosocial correlates of HIV protection motivation among black adolescents in Venda, South Africa. Boer H, Mashamba MT. AIDS Educ Prev 2005;17(6).
Researchers assessed the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and protection motivation theory (PMT) to predict intended condom use among 201 adolescents from Venda, South Africa. Results indicated that both the TPB and the PMT could significantly predict intended condom use, although the level of explained variance was limited. The TPB made clear that the social environment is an important contextual factor, whereas the PMT made clear that response efficacy is positively related to condom use intention. The results of this study indicated that social cognition models have some value in the analysis of condom use intention of African adolescents, but the role of other factors like myths about condoms should be further examined.
4. Social-cognitive predictors of consistent condom use among young people in Moscow. Bobrova N, Sergeev O, Grechukhina T, Kapiga S. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2005;37(4).
Russia is experiencing an explosive HIV epidemic, and young people aged 15-29 have the highest incidence of infection. Researchers conducted telephone interviews with 1,203 Muscovites aged 15-29 in September 2002 to assess condom use, HIV knowledge, and sexual behavior. Forty-four percent of sexually experienced respondents reported using condoms consistently. In multivariate analysis, the likelihood of consistent use was elevated among single women and men, those who considered condoms reliable protection against unwanted pregnancy, and those who believed that most of their peers use condoms. For women, having recently had multiple partners was associated with increased odds of consistent condom use, but consistent use declined with age.
